Hazardous Waste | Non Hazardous waste

                                 Hazardous Waste | Non Hazardous waste

Hazardous waste

HAZARDOUS WASTE AND NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE | Hazardous waste disposal |                                                                                          Waste Collection

WASTE CATEGORIES WASTE CLASSIFICATION

All hazardous or non-hazardous wastes including radioactive wastes to be disposed of according to the terms of law including solid wastes, liquid wastes, gas, fume, vapor, dust, hazardous wastes, and medical wastes.

Waste is defined under European legislation as any substance or object that the producer or the person in possession of its discards, or intends or is required to discard (see European Union Framework Directive on Waste, 75/442/EEC as amended by Directives 91/156/EEC, 91/692/EEC, and 2008/98/EC.

The term includes scrap material, effluent, or unwanted surplus substances or articles which require to be disposed of because they are broken, worn out, contaminated, or otherwise spoiled.

WASTE CATEGORIES

1. NON-HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE

Putrescible Solid Waste

The waste is classified as non-hazardous putrescible something that could decay solid waste, which can be either recyclable or non-recyclable:

·         Household waste that contains putrescible organics

·         Waste from litter bins that contain putrescible organics

·         Disposable nappies, incontinence pads, or sanitary napkins

·         Any mixture of the wastes.

Non-recyclable and Non-putrescible Solid Waste

The wastes classified as non-hazardous, non-recyclable, and non-putrescible solid waste:

·         Household waste from municipal clean-up, that does not contain food waste and recyclables;

·         Waste collected from street sweepings that do not contain food waste and recyclables

·         Grit and screenings from potable water and water reticulation plants that have been dewatered so that they do not contain free liquids

·         Fully cured and set thermosetting polymers and fiber-reinforcing resins

Recyclable and Non-putrescible Solid Waste

The wastes are classified as non-hazardous recyclable and non-putrescible solid waste:

·         Glass, plasterboard, ceramics, bricks, concrete

·         Metal

·         Paper or cardboard

·         Plastic, rubber

·         Textiles

·         Wood waste

·         Used/broken furniture eg. Bulky waste

·         Construction and demolition waste

·         Tires

·         Vehicles and machinery after removing the hazardous waste components

·         WEEE after removing the hazardous waste components

·         Virgin excavated natural material except for NORM

·         Asphalt waste including asphalt resulting from road construction and waterproofing works

2. NON-HAZARDOUS LIQUID WASTE

Non-hazardous liquid waste includes sewage or wastewater which contains contaminants less than the concentrations listed below. Also, liquid waste is any waste that:

·         Has an angle of repose of less than 5 degrees above horizontal

·         Becomes free-flowing at or below temperatures of 60 degrees Celsius or when it is transported

·         Is generally not capable of being picked up with a spade or shovel           

3.  HAZARDOUS WASTE

Hazardous waste includes any waste which, through toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, radioactivity, flammability, explosive nature, chemical reactivity, corrosive nature, infectiousness, or other biologically damaging properties, may present danger to the life or health of living organisms when released into the environment.

Pre-classified as Hazardous Waste

Some commonly generated wastes have been pre-classified as hazardous waste. Wastes that have been classified by the organization or third party. The following wastes have been pre-classified by the third party as hazardous waste.

·         Medical/clinical waste includes, but is not limited to veterinary waste and dead animals which have died of an infectious disease.

·         Asbestos waste.

·         Any material containing asbestos.

·         Radioactive waste.

·         Containers, having previously contained a substance of classes of this standard from which residues have not been removed.

·         Lead paint waste.

·         Nickel - cadmium batteries.

·         Lead-acid batteries from vehicles.

·         Used waste engine oil.

·         Used oil filters (mechanically crushed), rags, and oil-absorbent materials that contain petroleum hydrocarbons.

·         Residues of waste oils and solvent paints, varnishes, and paint strippers in containers.

·         Used pesticide containers/cans including pesticide residues or waste.

Waste Possessing Hazardous Characteristics

Waste must be classified as hazardous waste if it is a dangerous good under any of the following characteristics:

·         Explosives

·         Gases, are compressed, liquefied, or dissolved under pressure.

·         Flammable solids exclude garden waste, natural organic fibrous material, wood waste, and all physical forms of carbon such as activated carbon and graphite.

·         Substances are liable to spontaneous combustion, excluding garden waste, natural organic fibrous material, wood waste, and all physical forms of carbon such as activated carbon and graphite.

·         Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases.

·         Oxidizing agents and organic peroxides

·         Toxic substances

·         Corrosive substances

·         Radioactive

Waste Classification Using Chemical Assessment

·         The waste is not sewage domestic liquid waste or waste pre-classified by a third party or waste possessing hazardous characteristics.

·         The composition of the waste is not known.

·         The chemical assessment process is based on the waste’s potential to release chemical contaminants into the environment through contact with liquids, mainly water, which leads to the production of leachate. Where waste generators are unsure of the appropriate sampling or analytical methods for a particular waste, they are strongly encouraged to seek expert help, either from a laboratory that specializes in waste analysis or someone specializing in waste management issues, or both.

Measurable Properties of Waste

The specific contaminant concentration of any chemical contaminant in the waste, expressed as milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg)

The leachable concentration of any chemical contaminant using the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure is expressed as milligrams per liter.

Test Methods for specific contaminant concentration and TCLP

The reference test methods for determining both the SCC and TCLP values are as described in the

The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Test Methods for Evaluating Solid

Waste, Physical, Chemical Methods (USEPA 1986).

Radioactive Waste

Categories Radioactive Waste under hazardous waste. However, the management and control of these wastes are subject to separate and strict legislation.

Radioactive waste disposal is controlled under Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation

Regulation for Pre-disposal Management of Radioactive Waste.

This regulation prohibits the import, export, storage movement, or disposal of radioactive wastes without prior consent by the Competent Authority.

Group Companies must ensure that any radioactive waste resulting from their activities, or that of their contractors, is managed in full compliance with the requirements of also released a Regulatory Guide Pre-disposal Management of Radioactive.

Waste Collection

An appropriate number of waste bins will be provided in residential, office, and workshop areas.

Color coding references for waste bins will be as follows:

·         Biodegradable: Orange

·         Glass: Green

·         Metal: Grey

·         Paper: Pink

·         Plastic: Yellow

·         E-waste: Red

To make it easy to use, colored waste bins will be labeled for the respective waste type as mentioned above. It is to note that at present, no universal criteria/standard exists for color-coding of waste bins however, it exists for Biomedical/hazardous waste. Therefore, the color-coding scheme for waste bins may be modified but have similar labeling as listed above. Employees will be provided training on the proper use of colored bins.

All waste bins used will have proper top cover/lid to avoid foul-smelling and contamination of ambient air quality due to decomposition of biodegradable waste as well as to avoid mosquitoes and flies from waste. It is to note that for hazardous waste, separate bins will be provided.

Several waste bins at various project facilities will be as provided in Table 4- 3 which have been calculated based on total amounts of various types of wastes generated from the project, assuming 24 hours occupancy at each project facility listed in the second column of the Table 4-3and each bin can store 5 kg waste.